Immunogenetic and molecular biomarkers in COVID-19 and hepatitis C virus infection: Evaluating the diagnostic potential of HLA (rs1131500), IGF-2, and I-FABP

doi:10.4254/wjh.v18.i3.112850

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Hepatol. Mar 27, 2026; 18(3): 112850
Published online Mar 27, 2026. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v18.i3.112850

Table 6 Post hoc power analysis for logistic regression of cytokine biomarkers (insulin-like growth factor 2, intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein, interferon-gamma) across hepatitis C virus, coronavirus disease 2019, and hepatitis C virus-coronavirus disease 2019 co-infection groups

Groups	Variables	SE	Z	Achieved power	Approx. N per group for 80% power
HCV-COVID-19	IGF-2	0.283	4.826	0.998	20
	I-FABP	0.024	4.242	0.989	25
	IFN-γ	0.936	0.919	0.16	456
COVID-19	IGF-2	0.347	4.325	0.991	24
	I-FABP	0.037	5.281	0.999	17
	IFN-γ	0.021	4.796	0.998	20
HCV	IGF-2	0.126	2.822	0.806	57
	I-FABP	0.014	2.196	0.593	93
	IFN-γ	0.021	1.026	0.175	426

IFN: Interferon; IGF: Insulin-like growth factor; I-FABP: Intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.

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Citation: Mohamed AA, Abdel-Hamid RM, Amin A, A Gawad EAH, Saed SM, Gaber DA, Ezz Al Arab M, El-Agawy W, AbuRahma MZA, Elosaily HH, Shaaban EE, Ismail SA, Sakr AA. Immunogenetic and molecular biomarkers in COVID-19 and hepatitis C virus infection: Evaluating the diagnostic potential of HLA (rs1131500), IGF-2, and I-FABP. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(3): 112850
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v18/i3/112850.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v18.i3.112850

Mohamed AA, Abdel-Hamid RM, Amin A, A Gawad EAH, Saed SM, Gaber DA, Ezz Al Arab M, El-Agawy W, AbuRahma MZA, Elosaily HH, Shaaban EE, Ismail SA, Sakr AA. Immunogenetic and molecular biomarkers in COVID-19 and hepatitis C virus infection: Evaluating the diagnostic potential of HLA (rs1131500), IGF-2, and I-FABP. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(3): 112850 [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v18.i3.112850]

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