Immunogenetic and molecular biomarkers in COVID-19 and hepatitis C virus infection: Evaluating the diagnostic potential of HLA (rs1131500), IGF-2, and I-FABP

doi:10.4254/wjh.v18.i3.112850

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Hepatol. Mar 27, 2026; 18(3): 112850
Published online Mar 27, 2026. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v18.i3.112850

Table 2 Comparison among the groups studied regarding insulin-like growth factor 2, intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein, and interferon-gamma

Markers	HCV-COVID-19 group		COVID group		HCV group		Control group
Markers	mean ± SD	P	mean ± SD	P	mean ± SD	P	mean ± SD
IGF-2 (ng/L)	121 ± 12.7	< 0.0001	98.46 ± 10.25	< 0.0001	77.91 ± 12.04	< 0.0001	32.67 ± 10.62
I-FABP (ng/L)	132.42 ± 31	< 0.0001	45.21 ± 8.46	< 0.0001	33.16 ± 9	< 0.0001	31.46 ± 9.04
IFN-γ (ng/L)	166.18 ± 41.86	< 0.0001	116.81 ± 18.61	< 0.0001	101 ± 14.41	0.315	95.23 ± 12.92

IFN: Interferon; IGF: Insulin-like growth factor; I-FABP: Intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.

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Citation: Mohamed AA, Abdel-Hamid RM, Amin A, A Gawad EAH, Saed SM, Gaber DA, Ezz Al Arab M, El-Agawy W, AbuRahma MZA, Elosaily HH, Shaaban EE, Ismail SA, Sakr AA. Immunogenetic and molecular biomarkers in COVID-19 and hepatitis C virus infection: Evaluating the diagnostic potential of HLA (rs1131500), IGF-2, and I-FABP. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(3): 112850
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v18/i3/112850.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v18.i3.112850

Mohamed AA, Abdel-Hamid RM, Amin A, A Gawad EAH, Saed SM, Gaber DA, Ezz Al Arab M, El-Agawy W, AbuRahma MZA, Elosaily HH, Shaaban EE, Ismail SA, Sakr AA. Immunogenetic and molecular biomarkers in COVID-19 and hepatitis C virus infection: Evaluating the diagnostic potential of HLA (rs1131500), IGF-2, and I-FABP. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(3): 112850 [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v18.i3.112850]

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