Dynamic immune response and its influencing factors in COVID-19 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cohort study

Table 1 Patient characteristics, n (%)/mean ± SD

Characteristic	COVID-19 only (n = 858)	COVID-19 with NAFLD (n = 670)	P value
Age	35.22 ± 12.70	41.23 ± 11.48	< 0.001
Time to negative SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test result	11.96 ± 8.96	13.61 ± 11.15	0.002
BMI	22.03 ± 3.02	26.45 ± 3.16	< 0.001
ALT	22.62 ± 20.58	49.60 ± 37.84	< 0.001
AST	22.04 ± 8.58	30.56 ± 17.09	< 0.001
GGT	22.89 ± 19.17	45.10 ± 34.02	< 0.001
TBIL	8.70 ± 4.77	9.48 ± 5.10	0.002
FPG	5.05 ± 1.34	5.89 ± 2.61	< 0.001
HbA1c	5.40 ± 0.67	5.91 ± 1.22	< 0.001
SBP	124.66 ± 14.95	133.95 ± 16.26	< 0.001
DBP	83.60 ± 11.02	90.25 ± 12.01	< 0.001
TC	4.50 ± 0.97	4.83 ± 1.05	< 0.001
TG	1.31 ± 0.83	2.14 ± 1.50	< 0.001
HDL-C	1.27 ± 0.33	1.09 ± 0.26	< 0.001
LDL-C	2.79 ± 2.97	3.05 ± 0.88	< 0.001
Male	509 (59.3)	592 (88.36)	< 0.001
Female	349 (40.7)	78 (11.64)
Cardiopathy	7 (0.81)	15 (2.24)	< 0.001
Hypertension	46 (5.36)	134 (20.00)	< 0.001
Diabetes	10 (1.17)	78 (11.64)	< 0.001
Hyperlipidemia	71 (8.28)	204 (30.45)	< 0.001
Hyperuricemia	22 (2.56)	91 (13.58)	< 0.001
Asymptomatic cases	304 (35.43)	210 (31.34)	< 0.001
Mild cases	229 (26.69)	133 (19.85)
Moderate cases	312 (36.36)	310 (46.27)
Severe cases	4 (0.47)	12 (1.79)
Critical cases	4 (0.47)	4 (0.60)
Liver function abnormalities	247 (28.79)	420 (62.69)	< 0.001

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI: Body mass index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol.