Changes in lipid biomarkers, liver stiffness and steatosis following sodium-glucose cotransporter two inhibitor therapy in type two diabetes

Table 6 Spearman correlation between laboratory parameters and lipogenesis-related biomarker concentrations after 6 months of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor therapy

Parameter	PPAR-γ	PPAR-α	SREBP-1c	MTTP
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.109 (0.38)	0.026 (0.84)	0.037 (0.77)	0.301 (0.01)a
HDL (mmol/L)	0.001 (0.99)	0.125 (0.32)	-0.097 (0.44)	0.049 (0.70)
LDL (mmol/L)	0.065 (0.60)	-0.034 (0.79)	0.075 (0.55)	0.284 (0.02)a
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	0.081 (0.52)	0.069 (0.58)	0.199 (0.11)	0.075 (0.55)
ALT (U/L)	-0.097 (0.43)	0.222 (0.07)	0.210 (0.09)	0.089 (0.48)
AST (U/L)	-0.205 (0.10)	0.250 (0.04)a	0.069 (0.58)	0.007 (0.95)
ALP (U/L)	-0.092 (0.46)	0.082 (0.52)	-0.073 (0.56)	0.021 (0.87)
AST/ALT ratio	-0.032 (0.80)	-0.093 (0.45)	-0.274 (0.02)a	-0.141 (0.25)
GGT (U/L)	0.041 (0.74)	0.074 (0.56)	-0.090 (0.47)	0.085 (0.50)
Albumin (g/L)	0.028 (0.82)	-0.023 (0.86)	0.279 (0.02)a	-0.069 (0.58)
Prothrombin time INR	-0.144 (0.26)	-0.256 (0.04)a	-0.157 (0.22)	-0.177 (0.17)
Total bilirubin (µmol/L)	0.072 (0.56)	-0.105 (0.40)	0.004 (0.98)	-0.198 (0.11)
Conjugated bilirubin (µmol/L)	0.009 (0.95)	-0.025 (0.84)	-0.013 (0.92)	-0.300 (0.01)a

^aP < 0.05.

Values are Spearman’s correlation coefficients (ρ) with corresponding P values in parentheses. Concentrations of lipogenesis-related biomarkers were measured in ng/L. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; INR: International normalized ratio; MTTP: Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; PPAR-γ: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; PPAR-α: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; SREBP-1c: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c.