Imbalance of the coagulation-anticoagulation-fibrinolytic system: Pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches in progressive liver injury

Table 1 Changes in factors in the coagulation-anticoagulation-fibrinolysis system in liver disease

Factors	Factors contributing to bleeding	Factors contributing to coagulation
Coagulation factors	Reduced procoagulant factors	Reduced anticoagulant factors. Increased factor VIII
Anticoagulant factors	Increased tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Reduced heparin cofactor II. Reduced antithrombin. Reduced protein C. Reduced thrombomodulin
Fibrinolytic pathway	Increased t-PA. Reduced TAFI. Reduced antiplasmin	Increased PAI-1 (more than t-PA). Reduced plasminogen
Platelets	Platelet dysfunction. Thrombocytopenia	Increased vWF. Reduced ADAMTS13

t-PA: Tissue plasminogen activator; PAI-1: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; TAFI: Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor; vWF: Von Willebrand Factor; ADAMTS13: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13.