Cost-utility analysis of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in Thailand

Figure 1 Decision tree and Markov model. A: Decision tree; B: Markov model. In the decision tree, the square represents a decision node. The Markov model describes disease progression in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Arrows indicate possible patient transitions through the model. Solid arrows represent transition probabilities, whereas dashed arrows represent transitions to death states: Orange arrows indicate deaths from cardiovascular diseases, and black arrows indicate liver-related and other deaths. CVD: Cardiovascular disease; F: Fibrosis stage; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; LR: Liver-related; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Tp: Transition probability.