Cost-utility analysis of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in Thailand

Table 3 Studies of health-state utilities in liver disease

Ref.	n	Study design	Participants’ characteristics	Outcome
McLernon et al[24]	30 studies from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Italy, and the Netherlands	Systematic review	Inclusion criteria: English-language studies of any design that had: (1) Measured utility using health-state utility tools from liver disease patients, physicians, or adults with no liver disease; or (2) Estimated health-state utilities for various liver diseases from expert opinion. Exclusion criteria: (1) Letters, comments, news articles; (2) Studies unrelated to liver disease; (3) Utility estimates taken from the literature; (4) Insufficient information on how the utility was derived; and (5) Duplicate utilities from the same population	The utility of compensated cirrhosis was 0.748
Levy et al[23]	600 people (100 each from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Spain, Hong Kong, and China)	Descriptive (using an interviewer-administered survey)	Demographics: Mean age: 41.5 years, female: 57.3%. Inclusion criteria: Age 18 years or older; Exclusion criteria: Inability to communicate in the official language(s) of the country, known cognitive impairment, or visible intoxication	In China, the utilities of HCC, liver transplant, and post-liver transplant were 0.310, 0.540, and 0.683, respectively

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.