Impact of multidisciplinary steatotic liver disease management on bariatric surgery referral and clinical outcomes: A retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Demographic characteristics of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease categorized by bariatric surgery eligibility, n (%)

Patient characteristics		BSE	BSNE	P value
Number of patients	n = 965	491	474
Sex	Male	173 (35)	225 (47)	0.0001
	Female	318 (65)	249 (53)
Age in years, mean ± SD		50.2 ± 13	56.4 ± 12	< 0.0001
Race	White	372 (76)	391 (82)	< 0.0001
	Black	53 (10)	20 (4)
	Asian	3 (1)	16 (3)
	Other/declined	63 (13)	50 (11)
Ethnicity1	Hispanic	71 (14)	57 (12)	0.3
	Non-Hispanic	419 (85)	417 (88)
Insurance status	Uninsured	9 (2)	11 (2)	< 0.0001
	Medicaid	114 (23)	61 (13)
	Medicare	97 (20)	137 (29)
	Private	271 (55)	265 (56)
Median household income by zip code	< $50000	81 (16)	66 (14)	< 0.0001
	$50000-$100000	319 (65)	240 (51)
	> $100000	91 (19)	168 (35)
Trialed anti-obesity medication	Lifetime	255 (52)	234 (49)
	Since FLDP	222 (45)	209 (44)
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD	At initial visit	41.6 ± 12	29.6 ± 3.7	< 0.0001
Comorbidities	Diabetes	276 (56)	171 (36)
	Chronic liver disease2	57 (12)	91 (19)
	Liver cancer	11 (2.2)	9 (1.9)

¹One subject declined to provide ethnicity information.

²Composite variable for non-neoplastic etiologies, including viral, toxin/drug-induced, genetic, metabolic, and autoimmune.

Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD and compared using unpaired t-test. Categorical variables are presented as n (%) and compared using the χ² test. BSE: Bariatric surgery eligible; BSNE: Bariatric surgery non-eligible; FLDP: Fatty liver disease program.