Harnessing artificial intelligence in gastroenterology and hepatology: Current applications and future perspectives

Figure 2 Artificial intelligence readiness pyramid and trustworthiness Venn diagram. The artificial intelligence (AI) readiness pyramid can be conceptualized in four ascending tiers. At the base lies the proof-of-concept phase, where algorithms are developed and validated in silico or on retrospective datasets. The “Trustworthiness” tier highlights the essential requirement for generalizability, interpretability, and ethical alignment - illustrated through the adjacent Venn diagram. The overlap of these three elements defines an AI system’s trustworthiness, which is a prerequisite for safe and responsible clinical deployment. The clinical testing level represents, encompassing prospective studies and real-world validation. The top tier signifies Routine Integration, where AI systems are seamlessly embedded into clinical workflows and used in daily practice.