Biparametric magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomic and deep learning models for predicting Ki-67 risk stratification in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 2 Differences in clinical factors between the high and low Ki-67 risk stratification groups, n (%)/mean ± SD

		Training (n = 138)			Validation (n = 60)
		High Ki-67 (n = 61)	Low Ki-67 (n = 77)	P value	High Ki-67 (n = 19)	Low Ki-67 (n = 41)	P value
Age (Years)		62.42 ± 8.46	62.08 ± 12.47	0.852	61.47 ± 9.64	63.90 ± 10.86	0.408
Sex	Male	53 (86.89)	64 (83.12)	0.709	16 (84.21)	31 (75.61)	0.678
	Female	8 (13.11)	13 (16.88)		3 (15.79)	10 (24.39)
ALT (U/L)		34.70 ± 30.76	38.80 ± 40.31	0.424	37.16 ± 21.46	33.57 ± 29.59	0.137
AST (U/L)		66.91 ± 44.02	77.15 ± 41.42	0.152	95.58 ± 37.20	73.73 ± 48.23	0.066
TB (μmol/L)		17.05 ± 15.31	15.46 ± 9.05	0.85	14.56 ± 4.06	17.34 ± 7.14	0.236
Tumor size (cm)		4.47 ± 2.68	5.20 ± 3.37	0.265	6.08 ± 3.56	4.88 ± 3.04	0.369
Cirrhosis	Positive	17 (27.87)	22 (28.57)	1.0	3 (15.79)	13 (31.71)	0.326
	Negative	44 (72.13)	55 (71.43)		16 (84.21)	28 (68.29)
AFP	≤ 20 ng/mL	25 (40.98)	52 (67.53)	0.003	5 (26.32)	24 (58.54)	0.041
	> 20 ng/mL	36 (59.02)	25 (32.47)		14 (73.68)	17 (41.46)
HBV/HCV	Positive	44 (72.13)	55 (71.43)	1.0	16 (84.21)	31 (75.61)	0.678
	Negative	17 (27.87)	22 (28.57)		3 (15.79)	10 (24.39)
BCLC stage	0-A	51 (83.61)	73 (94.81)	0.06	18 (94.74)	36 (87.80)	0.711
	B-C	10 (16.39)	4 (5.19)		1 (5.26)	5 (12.20)
Child-Pugh	A	55 (90.16)	70 (90.91)	1.0	18 (94.74)	40 (97.56)	1.0
	B	6 (9.84)	7 (9.09)		1 (5.26)	1 (2.44)
HCC number	0	58 (95.08)	71 (92.21)	0.74	19 (100.00)	37 (90.24)	0.394
	1-2	3 (4.92)	6 (7.79)		0 (0.00)	4 (9.76)
Irregular shape	Positive	25 (40.98)	44 (57.14)	0.087	5 (26.32)	21 (51.22)	0.126
	Negative	36 (59.02)	33 (42.86)		14 (73.68)	20 (48.78)
Nonsmooth margin	Positive	43 (70.49)	12 (15.58)	< 0.001	14 (73.68)	12 (29.27)	0.003
	Negative	18 (29.51)	65 (84.42)		5 (26.32)	29 (70.73)
Enhancing capsule	Positive	49 (80.33)	71 (92.21)	0.071	13 (68.42)	35 (85.37)	0.238
	Negative	12 (19.67)	6 (7.79)		6 (31.58)	6 (14.63)
Mosaic architecture	Positive	29 (47.54)	25 (32.47)	0.104	9 (47.37)	20 (48.78)	1.0
	Negative	32 (52.46)	52 (67.53)		10 (52.63)	21 (51.22)
Peritumoral enhancement	Positive	33 (54.10)	25 (32.47)	0.017	9 (47.37)	15 (36.59)	0.61
	Negative	28 (45.90)	52 (67.53)		10 (52.63)	26 (63.41)
Intratumoral fat content	Positive	15 (24.59)	24 (31.17)	0.508	9 (47.37)	15 (36.59)	0.61
	Negative	46 (75.41)	53 (68.83)		10 (52.63)	26 (63.41)
Intratumoral blood products	Positive	22 (36.07)	27 (35.06)	1.0	10 (52.63)	13 (31.71)	0.206
	Negative	39 (63.93)	50 (64.94)		9 (47.37)	28 (68.29)

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TB: Total bilirubin; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; BCLC: Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.