Hepatic osteodystrophy: An underrecognized metabolic bone disease

doi:10.4254/wjh.v17.i8.109093

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Aug 27, 2025 (publication date) through Aug 27, 2025

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Hepatol. Aug 27, 2025; 17(8): 109093
Published online Aug 27, 2025. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i8.109093

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Figure 2 Role of inflammatory cytokines and hormonal factors in the pathogenesis of hepatic osteodystrophy (Solid arrows display known pathways, while interrupted arrows suggest pathways with little evidence). IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; OPG: Osteoprotegerin; PTH: Parathyroid hormone; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.

Citation: Pramanik S, Palui R, Ray S. Hepatic osteodystrophy: An underrecognized metabolic bone disease. World J Hepatol 2025; 17(8): 109093
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v17/i8/109093.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v17.i8.109093