Deciphering the role of taurine-upregulated gene 1 in liver diseases: Mechanisms, clinical relevance, and emerging therapeutic opportunities

Figure 1 Biogenesis and diverse functions of long noncoding RNAs. This schematic illustrates how long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed, processed, and function. Most lncRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, undergo 5' capping, 3' polyadenylation, and less efficient splicing. Some lncRNAs localize to the nucleus and act as decoys or scaffolds, while others are exported to the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, lncRNAs can regulate gene expression by interacting with proteins or microRNAs. LncRNAs: Long noncoding RNAs; MiRNA: MicroRNAs; NRE: Notopterygium incisum root extract; NXF: Nuclear RNA export factor 1; Pol II: Polymerase II; RBP: RNA-binding protein.