Dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake improves skeletal muscle mass in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: A nationwide cross-sectional study

Table 4 Relationship between different ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index in different probability of advanced liver fibrosis from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018 using weighted multiple linear regression analyses

	Model 1 β (95%CI)	Model 2 β (95%CI)	Model 3 β (95%CI)
NFS ≥ 1.455 (n = 975)
ω-3 PUFAs	0.28 (0.15, 0.41)	0.16 (0.07, 0.24)	0.11 (0.03, 0.18)
ALA, 18:3	0.29 (0.15, 0.43)	0.17 (0.08, 0.26)	0.11 (0.03, 0.18)
SDA, 18:4	0.87 (-2.30, 4.10)	0.61 (-1.60, 2.80)	0.74 (-1.10, 2.60)
EPA, 20:5	0.85 (-1.10, 2.80)	0.45 (-0.92, 1.80)	0.63 (-0.82, 2.10)
DPA, 22:5	3.50 (-0.31, 7.20)	1.50 (-0.21, 3.10)	1.60 (-0.44, 3.60)
DHA, 22:6	0.33 (-0.02, 0.68)	0.18 (-0.03, 0.39)	0.12 (-0.01, 0.53)
NFS < 1.455 (n = 1341)
ω-3 PUFAs	0.15 (0.07, 0.24)	0.02 (-0.04, 0.08)	0.01 (-0.04, 0.07)
ALA, 18:3	0.14 (0.05, 0.23)	0.01 (-0.05, 0.07)	0.01 (-0.06, 0.07)
SDA, 18:4	2.20 (0.16, 4.30)	1.20 (-0.62, 3.10)	0.60 (-1.10, 2.30)
EPA, 20:5	0.39 (-0.47, 1.20)	0.23 (-0.86, 1.30)	0.08 (-0.61, 0.77)
DPA, 22:5	5.50 (1.10, 9.80)	1.60 (-0.49, 3.70)	1.50 (-0.75, 3.80)
DHA, 22:6	0.32 (-0.16, 0.79)	0.26 (-0.04, 0.56)	0.19 (-0.06, 0.44)

BMI: Body mass index; PIR: Income to poverty ratio; NFS: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score; PUFAs: Polyunsaturated fatty acids; ALA: α-Linolenic acid; SDA: Stearidonic acid; EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid; DPA: Docosapentaenoic acid; DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid.