Relationship between glucagon and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 1 Anthropometric parameters and biochemical indexes among subjects with or without metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Variables	UAP ≤ 244 dB/m (n = 68)	UAP > 244 dB/m (n = 144)	P value
Male/female	42/26	96/48	0.538
Age (years)	59 (54, 69)	54 (39, 66)	0.003
Diabetes duration (years)	8.5 (3, 12.75)	5 (1, 10)	0.1
BMI (kg/m2)	22.14 (20.22, 24.21)	26.1 (23.67, 28.65)	< 0.001
WC (cm)	84.32 ± 9.9	92.49 ± 11.24	< 0.001
WHR	0.9 (0.86, 0.95)	0.95 (0.9, 1.0)	< 0.001
SBP (kPa)	18.53 (16.13, 20.13)	18 (16.67, 19.73)	0.706
DBP (kPa)	10.67 ± 1.57	11 ± 1.53	0.143
ALT (U/L)	17 (10.25, 28.5)	24 (15, 39.75)	0.001
AST (U/L)	20 (16, 27.75)	22 (18, 29.75)	0.067
SUA (μmol/L)	314.5 (254, 401)	342 (271.75, 443)	0.074
Scr (μmol/L)	63.5 (52.5, 79.75)	62 (52, 77)	0.702
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)	106.55 (87, 126.35)	116.95 (92.65, 139.78)	0.162
UACR (mg/g)	2.48 (0.97, 6.27)	2.11 (1.09, 7.82)	0.315
TC (mmol/L)	4.45 (3.62, 5.2)	4.8 (4.17, 5.6)	0.031
TG (mmol/L)	1.14 (0.94, 1.47)	1.81 (1.14, 2.61)	< 0.001
HDL (mmol/L)	1.18 (0.97, 1.3)	1.06 (0.91, 1.2)	0.012
LDL (mmol/L)	2.91 (2.3, 3.5)	3.25 (2.65, 3.91)	0.036
GLU0 min (mmol/L)	8.86 ± 2.48	9.11 ± 2.37	0.468
GLU120 min (mmol/L)	19.94 ± 5.71	19.75 ± 4.04	0.81
AUCGLU 0-180 min	3109.48 ± 804.22	3100.06 ± 590.39	0.931
HBA1c (%)	9.55 (7.23, 11.3)	8.9 (7.7, 10.73)	0.367
INS0 min (mIU/L)	0.59 (0.28, 0.76)	0.86 (0.53, 1.1)	< 0.001
INS120 min (mIU/L)	1.19 ± 0.41	1.41 ± 0.44	0.001
AUCINS 0-180 min	3.38 ± 0.4	3.6 ± 0.41	< 0.001
HOMA-IR	0.17 (-0.14, 0.35)	0.46 (0.13, 0.46)	< 0.001
CP0 min (μg/L)	1.37 (0.79, 2.04)	2.14 (1.37, 2.98)	< 0.001
CP120 min (μg/L)	3.75 (2.81, 5.47)	5.32 (3.54, 7.89)	0.001
AUCCP 0-180 min	569.48 (418.24, 745.2)	834.68 (521.36, 1155)	< 0.001
GCG0 min (pmol/L)	0.97 ± 0.21	1.11 ± 0.26	< 0.001
GCGpeak (pmol/L)	1.0 6± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.24	< 0.001
AUCGCG 0-180 min	3.1 ± 0.24	3.3 ± 0.26	< 0.001
LSM (kPa)	6 (4.08, 7)	7 (6, 8.33)	< 0.001
APRI	-0.59 ± 0.29	-0.51 ± 0.29	0.224
GPR	-0.65 ± 0.37	-0.52 ± 0.34	0.014
FIB4	0.18 ± 0.2	0.10 ± 0.27	0.016
PBF (%)	25.57 ± 8.46	30.64 ± 6.73	< 0.001
BMR (kcal)	1350.15 ± 173.24	1486.33 ± 204.92	< 0.001
VFA (cm2)	75.35 (57.18, 94.9)	98.05 (81.4, 146.15)	< 0.001
FFMI (kg/m2)	16.7 (14.93, 17.85)	18.05 (16.4, 19.48)	< 0.001
FMI (kg/m2)	5.85 (4.45, 7.23)	7.35 (6.13, 9.98)	< 0.001
SMI (kg/m2)	6.9 (5.85, 7.5)	7.5 (6.7, 8.08)	< 0.001

Data are mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). χ² test for gender comparison; The t-test was used for normally distributed variables; the Mann-Whitney U test for nonnormally distributed variables. BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; SUA: Serum uric acid; Scr: Serum creatinine; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR: Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; GLU: Glucose; GCG: Glucagon; AUC: Area under the curve; HBA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; INS: Insulin; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; CP: C-peptide; LSM: Liver stiffness measurement; APRI: Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index; GPR: Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio; FIB4: Fibrosis 4 score; PBF: Percent body fat; BMR: Basal metabolic rate; VFA: Visceral fat area; FFMI: Fat free mass index; FMI: Fat mass index; SMI: Skeletal muscle index.