Comparative prognostic performance of staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma: Evidence from a Vietnamese cohort study

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors in the entire cohort and hepatitis B virus-hepatitis C virus infection status subgroups

Variables	Univariate HR (95%CI)	Univariate P	Multivariate HR (95%CI)	Multivariate P value
Demographic features
Sex	1.208	0.243
Age	1.001	0.851
Clinical features
Tumor size	1.130	< 0.001	1.059 (1.024-1.094)	0.001
Tumor number
1		< 0.001
2	0.426	< 0.001
≥ 3	0.407	< 0.001
Ruptured tumor	3.233	< 0.001
Solid tumor	0.342	< 0.001
Intrahepatic vascular invasion	3.295	0.001
Extrahepatic vascular invasion	9.860	0.023
Portal thrombosis	4.305	< 0.001	1.905 (1.393-2.608)	< 0.001
Metastasis	1.493	< 0.001	1.270 (1.069-1.509)	0.007
Ascites	3.406	< 0.001	1.560 (1.166-2.084)	0.003
Portal hypertension	1.316	0.036
Cirrhosis	1.938	< 0.001
ECOG score	3.731	< 0.001	2.801 (2.308-3.401)	< 0.001
HBV-HCV infection status		0.002
HCV	0.571	< 0.001
Non-B-non-C	0.589	0.001
Co-infected	0.818	0.611
Laboratory examinations
AFP	1.001	< 0.001	1.000 (1.000-1.000)	0.020
ALT	1.000	0.538
AST	1.002	< 0.001	1.001 (1.000-1.002)	0.021
Albumin	0.917	< 0.001	0.956 (0.936-0.977)	< 0.001
PT	0.982	< 0.001
INR	0.923	0.632
Platelet count	1.003	< 0.001
Total bilirubin	1.005	< 0.001
Creatinine	1.003	0.113
Treatment
RFA/WMA		< 0.001
Surgery	0.064	< 0.001
TACE	0.051	< 0.001
Chemotherapy	0.123	< 0.001
Palliative care	0.119	< 0.001

HR: Hazard ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology group; INR: International normalized ratio; PT: Prothrombin time; RFA: Radio frequency ablation; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; WMA: Warm microwave ablation.