Association between weight fluctuation and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Table 3 Effect of weight fluctuation patterns and physical activity intensity on the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease prevalence

Weight fluctuation patterns	Overall population	Low-intensity sports	Medium-intensity sports	High-intensity sports
	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)
No medical history
Stabilizing non-obesity	1	1	0.72 (0.42-1.21)	0.57 (0.36-0.90)
Obesity to non-obesity	0.76 (0.33-1.77)	1.10 (0.40-3.06)	0.26 (0.04-1.68)	0.10 (0.01-0.74)
Non-obesity to obesity	9.90 (6.79-14.45)	8.20 (5.23-12.84)	9.13 (4.44-18.78)	7.31 (3.84-13.92)
Stabilizing obesity	11.64 (7.63-17.76)	13.85 (8.24-23.29)	9.77 (4.63-20.65)	4.05 (2.08-7.90)
Age ≥ 45 years
Stabilizing non-obesity	1	1	0.96 (0.65-1.40)	0.86 (0.63-1.19)
Obesity to non-obesity	1.39 (0.94-2.07)	1.31 (0.82-2.09)	0.99 (0.36-2.70)	1.78 (0.78-4.04)
Non-obesity to obesity	8.39 (6.47-10.88)	9.20 (6.70-12.63)	9.21 (5.14-16.51)	4.47 (2.81-7.09)
Stabilizing obesity	11.96 (9.32-15.34)	12.68 (9.56-16.83)	16.42 (9.03-29.88)	6.37 (3.95-10.27)
Not underweight
Stabilizing non-obesity	1	1	1.00 (0.70-1.42)	0.90 (0.67-1.22)
Obesity to non-obesity	1.23 (0.86-1.77)	1.24 (0.79-1.93)	0.92 (0.37-2.27)	1.36 (0.65-2.83)
Non-obesity to obesity	8.96 (7.35-10.92)	9.55 (7.37-12.38)	9.55 (5.86-15.55)	6.38 (4.40-9.25)
Stabilizing obesity	11.97 (9.71-14.76)	13.99 (10.81-18.11)	11.82 (7.17-19.48)	6.57 (4.34-9.95)

Table 3 presents the comparative epidemiological risk profiles of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease prevalence across the distinct exercise intensity gradients, focusing specifically on the sensitivity analysis-excluded subpopulations. OR: Odds ratio.