Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Hepatol. May 27, 2025; 17(5): 103852
Published online May 27, 2025. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i5.103852
Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics, n (%)
Baseline characteristicsOverall population (n = 8191)Patterns of weight change1
P value
Stabilizing non-obesity (n = 4565)
Obesity to non-obesity (n = 491)
Non-obesity to obesity (n = 1348)
Stabilizing obesity (n = 1787)
Age (year)55.49 (0.22)55.49 (0.29)59.40 (0.75)52.75 (0.42)56.53 (0.31)< 0.0001
Gender 0.0003
    Male4036 (48.72)2346 (48.60)282 (57.10)541 (43.28)867 (50.97)
    Women4155 (51.28)2219 (51.40)209 (42.90)807 (56.72)920 (49.03)
Race< 0.0001
    Non-Hispanic White3777 (73.05)2184 (74.81)219 (72.59)540 (66.61)834 (73.30)
    Non-Hispanic Black1568 (9.19)720 (7.22)99 (9.87)326 (12.80)423 (11.58)
    Mexican1134 (6.49)529 (5.10)94 (8.87)233 (9.53)278 (7.30)
Other Hispanics and mestizos1712 (11.27)1132 (12.87)79 (8.66)249 (11.06)252 (7.83)
Marital status0.0197
    Married4840 (64.84)2783 (66.83)277 (63.84)759 (61.31)1021 (62.45)
    Else3348 (35.16)1782 (33.17)214 (36.16)588 (38.69)764 (37.55)
Mean body mass index (kg/m2)
    25 years old24.16 (0.07)22.37 (0.06)26.24 (0.30)24.07 (0.14)28.432 (0.16)< 0.0001
    10 years before baseline27.53 (0.11)24.13 (0.06)32.77 (0.13)26.97 (0.08)35.64 (0.18)< 0.0001
    Baseline29.16 (0.12)25.02 (0.07)27.56 (0.13)33.53 (0.12)37.23 (0.19)< 0.0001
Net weight change (kg)4.56 (0.20)2.50 (0.13)-14.84 (0.49)18.34 (0.41)4.61 (0.47)< 0.0001
Level of education3< 0.0001
High school dropout or below2110 (16.56)1112 (15.45)153 (20.13)370 (18.82)475 (16.95)
    Graduate from high school1868 (22.34)1030 (21.77)118 (22.59)313 (24.08)407 (22.50)
    Drop out of college2203 (29.43)1107 (25.95)147 (35.14)413 (33.00)536 (34.57)
    University graduate or above2003 (31.66)1311 (36.83)73 (22.14)251 (24.09)368 (25.98)
Household income poverty ratio3< 0.0001
    0-1.01434 (11.48)742 (10.41)104 (15.60)265 (13.44)323 (11.85)
    1.1-3.03119 (33.95)1659 (31.50)220 (42.09)518 (36.14)722 (36.82)
    > 3.02982 (54.57)1797 (58.09)123 (42.32)444 (50.42)618 (51.33)
Smoking status3< 0.0001
    Never smoked4243 (51.75)2356 (51.87)222 (45.38)717 (51.10)948 (53.48)
    Cessation2373 (29.91)1264 (28.02)153 (33.58)379 (29.91)577 (34.00)
    Smoking1569 (18.34)941 (20.11)115 (21.05)251 (18.99)262 (12.52)
Drinking status30.0037
    Never1068 (10.63)571 (9.76)73 (14.25)179 (10.96)245 (11.73)
    Cessation1134 (12.95)567 (11.44)62 (13.69)189 (13.61)316 (16.18)
    Drinking5416 (76.43)3077 (78.80)325 (72.06)884 (75.44)1130 (72.10)
Sports< 0.0001
    Low intensity5424 (62.68)2921 (59.41)337 (65.11)907 (63.90)1259 (69.78)
    Medium intensity1119 (15.71)680 (17.12)63 (16.31)169 (15.46)207 (12.01)
    High intensity1648 (21.62)964 (23.47)91 (18.57)272 (20.64)321 (18.21)
History of the tumor0.0001
    None7222 (87.32)4018 (87.01)408 (82.00)1236 (91.74)1560 (86.15)
    Have962 (12.68)543 (12.99)81 (18.00)112 (8.26)226 (13.85)
History of diabetes< 0.0001
    None6667 (87.64)4071 (94.05)313 (71.79)1094 (87.10)1189 (74.57)
    Have1276 (12.36)401 (5.95)158 (28.21)205 (12.90)512 (25.43)
History of cardiovascular disease< 0.0001
    None4195 (55.18)2771 (65.39)189 (40.24)638 (49.15)597 (36.40)
    Have3996 (44.82)1794 (34.61)302 (59.76)710 (50.85)1190 (63.60)