Minimal hepatic encephalopathy in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis: High prevalence and association with portosystemic shunts in a Brazilian cross-sectional study

Table 5 Comparison between the presence of hepatic encephalopathy (according to animal naming) and laboratory parameters in 200 patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (Recife, Brazil, 2025), mean ± SD

Variables	Total	With HE, n = 49	Without HE, n = 151	P value
Total bilirubin	1.20 ± 0.76	1.19 ± 0.77	1.19 ± 0.76	0.98
INR	1.20 ± 0.05	1.22 ± 0.23	1.20 ± 0.21	0.46
Albumin	4.02 ± 0.48	3.97 ± 0.57	4.04 ± 0.44	0.40
Alkaline phosphatase	128.83 ± 74.50	150.75 ± 63.00	120.96 ± 77.00	0.06
Platelets (× 109/L)1	75846 ± 48000	75000 ± 48000	77000 ± 45000	0.87
APRI1	2.00 ± 2.17	2.21 ± 0.50	1.93 ± 1.40	0.64
FIB-41	6.24 ± 4.06	7.08 ± 0.30	5.93 ± 3.40	0.27
Coutinho index1	1.43 ± 0.78	1.79 ± 0.26	1.30 ± 0.84	0.04

¹Splenectomized patients excluded.

INR: International normalized ratio; APRI: Aspartate-to-platelet ratio index; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4 index; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy.