He-He-Shu-Yang formula alleviates liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation in vivo and in vitro

Figure 6 He-He-Shu-Yang formula inhibits nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 expression, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, and nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome activation in transforming growth factor-beta 1-induced LX2 cells. ^bP < 0.01 vs control group; ^cP < 0.05, ^dP < 0.01 vs model group. A: Representative western blot of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression in each group. Protein levels were normalized to β-actin; B: Quantitation of NOX4 expression in each group based on the blot in panel A; C: Relative mRNA levels of NOX4 in the various groups; D: Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels as assessed using fluorescence microscopy; E: Mean fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species; F: Relative mRNA levels of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 in each group; G: Relative mRNA levels of Interleukin-1β in each group. NOX4: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-beta 1; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; NLRP3: Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β.