Hepatic enhancement and signal intensity analysis on magnetic resonance imaging as prognostic biomarkers in advanced chronic liver disease

Table 4 Association between hepatic enhancement and Functional Liver Imaging Score in the whole cohort and subgroups (no prior hepatocellular carcinoma, viral etiology, alcoholic etiology)

Region	F (ANOVA)	P value	Partial η²	Linear trend F	Linear trend P	Deviation F	Deviation P	Levene’s P
Full cohort (n = 100)
Segment VI	38.448	< 0.001	0.672	190.171	< 0.001	0.518	0.723	0.062
Segment VIII	18.960	< 0.001	0.502	91.378	< 0.001	0.855	0.494	0.246
Caudate lobe	24.369	< 0.001	0.565	120.883	< 0.001	0.240	0.915	0.340
Segment III	19.393	< 0.001	0.508	95.767	< 0.001	0.299	0.878	0.157
Global HE	28.060	< 0.001	0.599	138.949	< 0.001	0.337	0.852	0.072
Non-HCC subgroup (n = 80)
Segment VI	36.974	< 0.001	0.714	179.371	< 0.001	1.375	0.251	0.086
Segment VIII	16.262	< 0.001	0.524	77.487	< 0.001	0.956	0.437	0.457
Caudate lobe	23.305	< 0.001	0.612	114.939	< 0.001	0.396	0.811	0.429
Segment III	17.696	< 0.001	0.545	85.235	< 0.001	0.811	0.522	0.174
Global HE	26.237	< 0.001	0.639	128.016	< 0.001	0.792	0.534	0.125
Viral subgroup (n = 53)
Segment VI	15.968	< 0.001	0.571	61.566	< 0.001	0.769	0.517	0.017
Segment VIII	6.230	< 0.001	0.342	22.909	< 0.001	0.671	0.574	0.547
Caudate lobe	11.256	< 0.001	0.484	43.029	< 0.001	0.665	0.578	0.061
Segment III	8.940	< 0.001	0.426	34.033	< 0.001	0.576	0.634	0.152
Global HE	11.244	< 0.001	0.484	43.239	< 0.001	0.579	0.632	0.035
Alcoholic subgroup (n = 41)
Segment VI	22.325	< 0.001	0.761	103.808	< 0.001	1.955	0.123	0.751
Segment VIII	9.116	< 0.001	0.566	41.884	< 0.001	0.925	0.461	0.636
Caudate lobe	7.551	< 0.001	0.519	36.680	< 0.001	0.269	0.896	0.849
Segment III	8.439	< 0.001	0.566	38.439	< 0.001	0.938	0.453	0.174
Global HE	12.871	< 0.001	0.648	60.830	< 0.001	0.881	0.485	0.803

ANOVA: Analysis of Variance; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HE: Hepatic enhancement; P: Corresponding P-value for the omnibus analysis of variance test; Partial η²: Effect size index for analysis of variance; Linear trend F: F statistic for the test of linear trend across ordered categories; Linear trend P: Significant values suggest a consistent directional change; Deviation F: F statistic testing deviations from linearity; Deviation P: Values > 0.05 suggest no meaningful non-linear deviations; Levene’s P: Values > 0.05 indicate that the assumption of equal variances between groups is not violated.