©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Hepatol. Dec 27, 2025; 17(12): 110966
Published online Dec 27, 2025. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i12.110966
Published online Dec 27, 2025. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i12.110966
Figure 1 Algorithm for the evaluation of children with autoimmune hepatitis not responding to or intolerant to first-line treatment.
AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis; ESPGHAN: European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; ANA: Antinuclear antibody; SMA: Smooth muscle antibody; LKM-1: Liver kidney microsomal antibody type 1; LC-1: Liver cytosol antibody type 1; SLA: Soluble liver antigen; pANCA: Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; IgM: Immunoglobulin M; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; RNA: Ribonucleic acid; TSH: Thyrotropin; MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.
- Citation: Valamparampil J, Brown RM, McKiernan P. Refractory autoimmune hepatitis in children: Considerations for assessment and management. World J Hepatol 2025; 17(12): 110966
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v17/i12/110966.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v17.i12.110966