Refractory autoimmune hepatitis in children: Considerations for assessment and management

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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World J Hepatol. Dec 27, 2025; 17(12): 110966
Published online Dec 27, 2025. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i12.110966

Table 6 Examples of ongoing trials in autoimmune hepatitis

Ref.		Treatment	Mechanism of action	Stage of development
Mack et al[2], 2020; Whitehead and Kriegermeier[42], 2020; Reau et al[48], 2024	1	Zetomipzomib	Immunoproteasome inhibitor	Phase 2
	2	Ianalumab, Belimumab	Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated B-cell depletion through B-cell activating factor inhibition	Phase 2/3
	3	JKB-122	Toll-like receptor-4 inhibition	Phase 2
	4	Mesenchymal stromal cells	Induction of regulatory T-cell differentiation and suppression of lymphocyte activation	Phase 1/2
	5	Synthetic preimplantation factor (s-PIF)	Creation of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory environment of pregnancy	Phase 1

Citation: Valamparampil J, Brown RM, McKiernan P. Refractory autoimmune hepatitis in children: Considerations for assessment and management. World J Hepatol 2025; 17(12): 110966
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v17/i12/110966.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v17.i12.110966

Valamparampil J, Brown RM, McKiernan P. Refractory autoimmune hepatitis in children: Considerations for assessment and management. World J Hepatol 2025; 17(12): 110966 [PMID: 41479508 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i12.110966]

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