Metabolic associated steatotic liver disease in Qatar: Analysis of dietary patterns and nutrient intake

doi:10.4254/wjh.v17.i11.111995

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Hepatol. Nov 27, 2025; 17(11): 111995
Published online Nov 27, 2025. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i11.111995

Table 2 Health-related characteristics of the study patients, n (%)

Variable		Male (n = 34)	Female (n = 60)	Total (n = 94)	P value
Health-related variables
Smoking status	Yes	11 (32.4)	1 (1.7)	12 (12.8)	< 0.001
	No	16 (47.1)	52 (86.7)	68 (72.3)
	Ex-smoker	7 (20.6)	7 (11.7)	14 (14.9)
Chronic disease status	Yes	25 (73.5)	48 (80.0)	73 (77.7)	0.469
Chronic disease status	No	9 (26.5)	12 (20.0)	21 (22.3)
Prediabetes	Yes	32 (94.1)	48 (80.0)	80 (85.1)	0.065
Prediabetes	No	2 (5.9)	12 (20.0)	14 (14.9)
T2DM	No	17 (50.0)	36 (60.0)	53 (56.4)	0.348
T2DM	Yes	17 (50.0)	24 (40.0)	41 (43.6)
CVD	No	13 (38.2)	26 (43.3)	39 (41.5)	0.630
CVD	Yes	21 (61.8)	34 (56.7)	55 (58.5)
HTN	No	22 (64.7)	41 (68.3)	63 (67.0)	0.719
HTN	Yes	12 (35.3)	19 (31.7)	31 (33.0)
Thyroid	No	32 (94.1)	50 (83.3)	82 (87.2)	0.132
Thyroid	Yes	2 (5.9)	10 (16.7)	12 (12.8)
Biochemical values
Hgb (gm/dL)		14.6 ± 1.6	12.7 ± 1.4	13.3 ± 1.7	< 0.001^a
Ferritin (μg/L)		171.7 ± 212.3	70.5 ± 66.9	104.7 ± 141.7	0.003^a
FBS (mmol/L)		7.0 ± 2.7	6.3 ± 1.7	6.6 ± 2.1	0.169
HbA1c (%)		6.3 ± 1.3	6.2 ± 1.1	6.2 ± 1.2	0.605
Cholesterol (mmol/L)		4.7 ± 1.1	4.9 ± 1.2	4.8 ± 1.2	0.296
TG (mmol/L)		2.2 ± 1.1	1.6 ± 0.7	1.8 ± 0.9	0.002^a
HDL (mmol/L)		1.1 ± 0.4	1.4 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.4	< 0.001^a
LDL (mmol/L)		2.7 ± 1.1	2.9 ± 1.1	2.8 ± 1.1	0.346
ALK (U/L)		84.7 ± 61.9	86.5 ± 41.0	85.9 ± 49.2	0.862
ALT (U/L)		35.8 ± 20.2	29.6 ± 28.0	31.9 ± 25.5	0.261
AST (U/L)		25.4 ± 10.1	22.9 ± 16.5	23.8 ± 14.5	0.431
Vitamin D (ng/mL)		28.5 ± 13.0	28.1 ± 12.1	28.2 ± 12.3	0.886
Vitamin B12 (pml/L)		312.1 ± 100.8	378.8 ± 252.2	356.8 ± 216.0	0.183
TSH (mIU/L)		1.9 ± 1.3	2.8 ± 5.7	2.5 ± 4.7	0.408
FT4 (pmol/L)		15.5 ± 1.6	14.5 ± 2.1	14.8 ± 2.0	0.024^a
Uric acid (μmol/L)		376.6 ± 105.8	301.5 ± 69.6	326.1 ± 89.6	0.002^a

^aP < 0.05.

T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; HTN: Hypertension; Hgb: Hemoglobin; FBS: Fasting blood sugar; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; TG: Triglycerides; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; ALK: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone; FT4: Free thyroxine 4. Adapted from Eljazzar et al[26]. Copyright© 2025 Sereen Eljazzar, Souraia Mezhoud, Reema Tayyem. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by/4.0/).

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Citation: Alalwani J, Derbala M, Tayyem R, Bassil M. Metabolic associated steatotic liver disease in Qatar: Analysis of dietary patterns and nutrient intake. World J Hepatol 2025; 17(11): 111995
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v17/i11/111995.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v17.i11.111995

Alalwani J, Derbala M, Tayyem R, Bassil M. Metabolic associated steatotic liver disease in Qatar: Analysis of dietary patterns and nutrient intake. World J Hepatol 2025; 17(11): 111995 [PMID: 41358058 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i11.111995]

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