PANoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: Underlying mechanisms

Figure 1 Molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, necroptosis, and apoptosis. ASC: Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; BAX: Bcl-2 associated X protein; DD: Death domain; FADD: Fas-associated protein with death domain; GSDMD: Gasdermin D; N-GSDMD: N-terminal fragment of gasdermin D; MLKL: Mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase; NEK7: Never in mitosis gene A-related kinase 7; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; PAMPs: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns; RIPK1: Receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 1; RIPK3: Receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 3; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; TLR: Toll-like receptor; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TRADD: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain protein.