Improved clinical outcomes following embolization of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in cirrhotic patients with recurrent hepatic encephalopathy

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants, n (%)

Group	Control group (n = 8)	Treatment group (n = 8)	P value
Age (years)	57 (42-71)	63 (45-74)	0.269
Male	6 (75.0)	3 (37.5)	0.143
Etiology
HBV	1 (12.5)	0	0.044
Alcohol	7 (87.5)	5 (62.5)
Others	0	3 (37.5)
Number of HE episodes during the previous 12 months
1-2	4 (50.0)	5 (62.5)	0.626
≥ 3	4 (50.0)	3 (37.5)
HE grades
II	4 (50.0)	5 (62.5)	0.626
III-IV	4 (50.0)	3 (37.5)
Esophageal varix (%)	87.5	50.0	0.106
Albumin (g/dL), median (IQR)	3.15 (2.75-3.55)	3.10 (2.85-3.25)	0.635
Bilirubin (mg/dL), median (IQR)	2.88 (0.85-4.91)	2.51 (0.26-4.76)	0.345
Creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR)	1.38 (0.17-2.59)	0.93 (0.48-1.38)	0.674
INR, median (IQR)	1.41 (1.22-1.60)	1.42 (1.12-1.72)	0.875
MELD × 10, median (IQR)	14.08 (7.57-20.59)	11.08 (5.32-16.84)	0.248
CTP score, median (IQR)	9.38 (8.08-10.68)	8.88 (7.33-10.43)	0.431

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; IQR: Interquartile range; INR: International normalized ratio; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh.