Hepatic hydrothorax as a manifestation of decompensated cirrhosis: An update on current management and future directions

Table 3 Summary of outcomes from published studies on video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

Ref.	Study population (n, intervention)	Resolution rate	Mortality post-VATS
Huang et al[33], 2016	63, VATS only	At median 20.5 months: 93.7%	At 3 months: 25.4%
Luh and Chen[34], 2009	12, VATS ± pleurodesis	At 36 months: 33.3%	At 23 months: 50%
Ikeda et al[50], 2021	1, VATS only	100%1	NA
Nakamura et al[51], 2012	1, VATS only	100%1	NA
Ibi et al[52], 2008	2, VATS ± pleurodesis	100%2	Case 1 NA; case 2 0% at 1 year

¹Follow-up period not reported by studies.

²Follow-up period not reported for case 1 whereas the follow-up period for case 2 was one year.

NA: Not available; VATS: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.