Hepatitis B functional cure: Current and future perspective

Table 2 Summary of published studies on hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance (functional cure) in chronic hepatitis B

Ref.	Year	Study type	n	Cohort and treatment	HBsAg seroclearance rate
Lau et al[36]	2005	RCT	814	HBeAg+ CHB on PEG-IFN α	2.95% at 6 months post-treatment
Marcellin et al[39]	2013	RCT	537	HBeAg- CHB on PEG-IFN α	3% (6 months), 9% (3 years), 12% (5 years)
Bourlière et al[53]	2017	RCT	185	HBeAg- CHB: NA vs NA + PEG-IFN	3.2% vs 7.8% at 96 weeks
Ahn et al[55]	2018	RCT	740	TDF + PEG-IFN vs TDF mono	9.1% vs 0% at 72 weeks
Zhou et al[32]	2019	Meta-analysis	48972	Untreated CHB	1.17% per year
Yeo et al[33]	2019	Meta-analysis	42588	Untreated CHB	1.02% per year
Yip et al[45]	2019	Retrospective	20263	CHB on TDF/ETV	2.1% (mean FU: 4.8 years)
Yeo et al[34]	2020	Prospective cohort	11262	Untreated CHB	1.31% per year
Yang et al[52]	2020	RCT	144	CHB on ETV vs ETV + PEG-IFN	1.8% vs 4.1%
Fonseca et al[56]	2020	Meta-analysis	8719	CHB on IFN+NA vs IFN vs NA (48-130 weeks)	4.8% to 6.5% vs 3.6% to 6.5% vs 0.27% to 0.58%
Song et al[43]	2021	Meta-analysis	1029	IHCs on PEG-IFN	47% at 48 weeks
Hsu et al[47]	2021	Retrospective	4769	CHB on TDF/ETV	0.22% per year
Chan et al[48]	2024	RCT	1298	CHB on TAF	≤ 1.2% at 5 years

HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; CHB: Chronic hepatitis B; PEG-IFN: Pegylated interferon; NA: Nucleos(t)ide analogue; TDF: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; ETV: Entecavir; TAF: Tenofovir alafenamide; FU: Follow up; IFN: Interferon; IHCs: Inactive hepatitis B carriers.