Hepatocyte nuclear factors dynamically regulate triglyceride metabolic reprogramming in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Mechanisms and implications

Figure 4 Hepatocyte lipid efflux impairment is an underestimated factor in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic disease. Impaired hepatocyte lipid efflux (ApoB100/MTP dysfunction) suppresses very low-density lipoprotein secretion, causing triglyceride accumulation. Insulin resistance and gut dysbiosis synergistically disrupt lipid homeostasis, highlighting an underestimated pathogenic mechanism in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic disease. PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT: Protein kinase B; TG: Triglyceride; Cho: Cholesterol; Apo: Apolipoproteins; VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein; MTP: Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; ER: Endoplasmic reticulum; PC: Phosphatidylcholine.