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Observational Study
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Hepatol. Oct 27, 2025; 17(10): 109583
Published online Oct 27, 2025. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i10.109583
Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics, n (%)
CharacteristicPatient total (n = 52)
Age
N (missing)52 (0)
Median (IQR)45.0 (35.5, 51.5)
Sex
Female26 (50.0)
Male26 (50.0)
Ethnicity
African1 (1.9)
African American6 (11.5)
Caucasian31 (59.6)
Hispanic11 (21.2)
Native American1 (1.9)
Other2 (3.8)
Insurance
Medicaid8 (15.4)
Medicare12 (23.1)
None8 (15.4)
Private19 (36.5)
Self-pay5 (9.6)
Marital status
Not married41 (78.8)
Married11 (21.2)
Liver disease
Alcohol hepatitis22 (42.3)
Cirrhosis21 (40.4)
Steatosis9 (17.3)
MELD-Na
N (missing)46 (6)
Median (IQR)15.5 (10.0, 25.0)
Hepatic encephalopathy
No45 (86.5)
Yes7 (13.5)
Ascites
No30 (57.7)
Yes22 (42.3)
Esophageal varices
No40 (76.9)
Yes12 (23.1)
Hepatocellular carcinoma
No52 (100.0)
Self-reported drinks
N (missing)52 (0)
Median (IQR)8.0 (3.0, 22.0)
Ethanol
N (missing)48 (4)
Median (IQR)71.0 (0.0, 224.0)
Phosphatidylethanol (pETH)
N (missing)26 (26)
Median (IQR)356.5 (51.0, 917.0)
Withdrawal
No21 (40.4)
Yes31 (59.6)
Previous pharmacologic treatment
No38 (73.1)
Yes14 (26.9)
Acamprosate
No49 (94.2)
Yes3 (5.8)
Disulfiram
No52 (100.0)
Naltrexone
No42 (80.8)
Yes10 (19.2)
Vivitrol
No42 (80.8)
Yes10 (19.2)
Previous behavioral treatment
No33 (63.5)
Yes19 (36.5)
Inpatient treatment
No44 (84.6)
Yes8 (15.4)
Outpatient treatment
No44 (84.6)
Yes8 (15.4)
Mutual aid
No37 (71.2)
Yes15 (28.8)
Behavioral and pharmacologic treatment
No46 (88.5)
Yes6 (11.5)
Seen by addiction psychiatry
No16 (30.8)
Yes36 (69.2)
Seen by GI
No17 (32.7)
Yes35 (67.3)


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