Update in lean metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Table 2 Non-invasive scores accuracy and histology characteristics in lean patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Ref.	Population	Results
Leung et al[73], 2017	Histology (n = 307), lean vs obese NAFLD patients	Low NAS (steatosis and hepatocyte ballooning), low stiffness
Denkmayr et al[76], 2018	Histology (n = 466), lean vs overweight/obese NAFLD patients	High lobular inflammation and hepatocellular ballooning
Li et al[82], 2019	Scores (n = 898), lean vs overweight/obese NAFLD patients	WHR and FLI accurate in lean and obese patients, ZJU and HSI accurate in lean patients
Kim et al[75], 2019	Histology (n = 542), lean vs obese NAFLD patients	Low grade steatosis and NAS, high stage of fibrosis
Fu et al[81], 2020	Scores (n = 709), non-obese vs obese NAFLD patients	FIB-4, NFS, APRI, BARD score and AST-to-ALT ratio had similar accurate in obese and non-obese patients
Eren et al[79], 2022	Scores (n = 560), lean vs overweight vs severely and morbid obese NAFLD patients	FIB-4 and NFS cannot discriminate advance fibrosis in lean patients
Park et al[80], 2023	Scores (n = 1501), lean vs non-lean NAFLD patients	FIB-4 and NFS accurate in identify advance fibrosis in lean and non-lean NAFLD patients
Iwaki et al[74], 2022	Histology (n = 223), lean vs obese NAFLD patients	Low grade lobular inflammation, steatosis
Rastogi et al[77], 2022	Histology (n = 1273), lean vs overweight/obese NAFLD patients	High hepatocyte ballooning, early-stage fibrosis

NAFLD: Non-alcoholic liver disease; NAS: NAFLD activity score; WHR: Waist circumference; FLI: Fatty liver index; ZJU: Zhejiang University Index; HSI: Hepatic steatosis index; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4 index; NFS: NAFLD fibrosis score; APRI: AST-to-platelet; BARD: Bilirubin, albumin, INR and ascites; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.