Retrospective study of the incidence, risk factors, treatment outcomes of bacterial infections at uncommon sites in cirrhotic patients

Table 3 Microbiological characteristics of selected infections

Pathogen	Organs frequently affected (n)	% MDR1
Gram positive (n = 17)
Staphylococcus aureus (n = 10)	Soft tissue infection[3], abscess[3], discitis/osteomyelitis[2], endocarditis[2]	1/10
Streptococcus spp. (n = 4)	Cholangitis/cholecystitis[1], endocarditis[1], meningitis[1], epididymitis[1]	NU
Enterococcus faecium (n = 3)	Cholangitis/cholecystitis[3]	NA
Gram negative (n = 20)
Escherichia coli (n = 7)	Cholangitis[5], soft tissue infection[2]	6/7
Klebsiella spp. (n = 3)	Cholangitis[1], soft tissue infection[1], appendicitis[1]	1/3
Enterobacter spp. (n = 2)	Cholangitis[1], periprothetic infection of hip joint[1]	1/2
Pseudomonas spp. (n = 4)	Soft tissue infection[2], cholangitis[1], abscess[1]	0/4
Campylobacter spp. (n = 3)	Colitis[3]	0/3
Acinetobacter baumanii (n = 1)	Soft tissue infection[1]	0/1

¹Multi-drug classification used by[8]. NU: No MDR classification; NA: Not available.