Dynamic changes and clinical value of lipocalin 2 in liver diseases caused by microbial infections

Table 1 Expression of lipocalin 2 in different viral hepatitis

Sample	Cases	LCN2 level	Ref.
Blood	675 mild chronic hepatitis B, 178 moderate chronic hepatitis B, 199 severe chronic hepatitis B and 317 fulminant hepatitis B, 246 healthy volunteers	Chronic hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis significantly higher than control	[37]
Blood	54 patients with HBV-ACLF and 49 patients with CHB	HBV-ACLF higher than CHB	[38]
Blood and urine	64 patients with cirrhosis and 23 control subjects	Cirrhosis with hepatorenal syndrome patients is significantly higher than controls, no difference between stable cirrhosis and control	[39]
Blood	192 patients with chronic liver diseases of variable etiology and clinical severity in comparison to 91 healthy controls	Chronic liver diseases were higher than healthy controls No significant differences between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients	[40]
Blood	48 patients with chronic HCV	Not correlated with HCV viral load	[41]
Blood	87 Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C infection	Significantly decrease after HCV treatment with DAA	[42]
Blood	102 chronic hepatitis C virus infection	Significantly increase after HCV treatment with DAA	[43]

LCN2: Lipocalin 2; HBV-ACLF: Hepatitis B virus –related acute-on-chronic liver failure; CHB: Chronic hepatitis B; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; DAA: Direct-acting antivirals.