Recent advances in pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of hepatorenal syndrome: A review

Table 1 Methods of estimating glomerular filtration rate and the novel equations for diagnosis of acute kidney injury in cirrhosis

Ref.	Equation		Variables	Advantage
	Cr-based
Cockcroft et al[93]	Cockcroft-Gault	1976	Age, SCr, sex, weight
Levey et al[94]	MDRD-4	2006	Age, SCr, sex, ethnicity
Levey et al[95]	MDRD-6	2007	Age, SCr, sex, ethnicity, BUN, albumin
Levey et al[96]	CKD-Epi	2009	Age, SCr, sex, ethnicity
Kalafateli et al[54]	The royal free hospital	2017	Age, SCr, sex, ascites, BUN, Na, INR
	Cystatin C-based		Age, sex, cystatin C	Equations including cystatin C are more accurate in patients with sarcopenia and advanced liver disease
Hoek et al[97]		2003
Larsson et al[98]	CKD Epi-Cystatin C	2004
Inker et al[99]		2012
	Cr-Cystatin C-based		Age, sex, cystatin C, SCr, ethnicity
Stevens et al[100]	CKD EPI -Cr Cystatin C	2008
Inker et al[99]		2012
Mindikoglu et al[101]		2016

ACLF: Acute on chronic liver failure; AKI: Acute kidney injury; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; INR: International normalized ratio; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; Na: Sodium; SCr: Serum creatinine; UTI: Urinary tract infection.