Respiratory muscle training with electronic devices in the postoperative period of hepatectomy: A randomized study

Table 3 Complications and length of hospital stay in the postoperative period, n (%)

	Group
Variables	GTMI (n = 21)	CG (n = 20)	Total (n = 41)	P value
Postoperative complications
No	15 (71.4)	13 (65.0)	28 (68.3)
Yes	6 (28.6)	7 (35.0)	13 (31.7)	0.65842
Intraoperative bleeding (n)	2 (9.5)	0 (0.0)	2 (4.9)
TEP	0 (0.0)	1 (5.0)	1 (2.4)
Paralytic ileus	2 (9.5)	1 (5.0)	3 (7.3)
Anemia	1 (4.8)	1 (5.0)	2 (4.9)
PNM	0 (0.0)	1 (5.0)	1 (2.4)
SPO2 drop < 92	0 (0.0)	2 (10.0)	2 (4.9)
ARI	1 (4.8)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.4)
Biliary fistula	0 (0.0)	1 (5.0)	1 (2.4)	-
Postoperative hospital stay (in days)
Mean (SD)	5.4 ± 2.0	7.1 ± 3.9	6.2 ± 3.2	0.05961

¹Based on the Mann-Whitney test.

²Based on the Chi-square test.

GTMI: Inspiratory muscle training group; CG: Control group; TEP: Pulmonary thromboembolism; PNM: Pneumonia; SpO₂: Peripheral oxygen saturation; ARI: Acute renal failure; SD: Standard deviation.