Current guidelines for diagnosis and management of hepatic involvement in hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia

Table 4 Doppler ultrasound grading of hepatic vascular malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia patients[24]

VMs grade	Doppler US findings
0.5	HA diameter 5-6 mm and/or
	PFV > 80 cm/sec and/or
	HA RI < 0.55 and/or
	Peripheral hepatic hypervascularization
1	HA dilation > 6 mm (only extrahepatic) and
	PFV > 80 cm/sec and/or
	HA RI < 0.55 and/or
2	HA dilation intra- and extrahepatic and
	PFV > 80 cm/sec
	Possible flow abnormality in portal and/or hepatic veins
3	Complex changes in HA and its branches with marked flow abnormalities
	Flow abnormality in portal and/or hepatic veins
4	Decompensation of arteriovenous shunt with dilatation of portal and/or hepatic vein and marked flow abnormalities in both arteries and vein/s

HA: Hepatic artery; PFV: Peak flow velocity; RI: Resistivity index; US: Ultrasound; VMs: Vascular malformations.