Hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A growing challenge

Table 2 Summary of genetic mutations described in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma

Ref.	Gene	Mechanism /pathway
Llovet et al[34]; Zucman-Rossi et al[35]	TERT	Telomere maintenance
Brunner et al[36]	ACVR2A	Transforming growth factor-β superfamily
Llovet et al[34]; Zucman-Rossi et al[35]	ARID5A	Chromatin remodeling
Llovet et al[34]	CDKN2A	Cell cycle
Llovet et al[34]; Zucman-Rossi et al[35]	CTNNB1	β-catenin and WNT pathway activation
Llovet et al[34]; Zucman-Rossi et al[35]	TP53	Cellular tumor antigen, cell cycle
Llovet et al[34]; Zucman-Rossi et al[35]	FGF19	AKT/mTOR
Shen et al[39]	Cel	Cholesterol and lipids ester hydrolysis and absorption
Llovet et al[34]	TSC	mTOR, Hippo pathway

ACVR2A: Activin receptor type 2A; ARID5A: AT-rich interaction domain 5A; CDKN2A: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; Cel: Carboxyl ester lipase; CTNNB1: β-catenin; TP53: Tumor antigen p53; FGF19: Fibroblast growth factor 19; mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin; TERT: Telomerase reverse transcriptase; TSC: Tuberous sclerosis complex.