Bile acid indices as biomarkers for liver diseases I: Diagnostic markers

Table 4 Representative bile acids concentrations and indices in controls vs patients

BA (µmol/L) or BA indices	Controls		Patients		Patients vs controls
	mean	SE	mean	SE	Ratio	P value
Total BA	9.30	0.33	54.6	5.20	5.87	0.000
Total LCA	1.01	0.05	2.92	0.24	2.88	0.000
Total UDCA	1.56	0.07	18.6	3.23	11.9	0.001
Total CDCA	2.52	0.13	21.0	2.09	8.35	0.000
Total DCA	3.16	0.16	4.92	0.58	1.56	0.072
Total HDCA	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	1.57	0.051
Total MDCA	0.06	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.90	0.992
Total CA	0.44	0.03	3.13	0.44	7.09	0.003
Total MCA	0.36	0.02	2.79	0.34	7.83	0.000
Total HCA	0.03	0.00	0.27	0.04	10.6	0.001
Other BA1	0.16	0.01	0.86	0.13	5.54	NA
% LCA	11.5	0.38	9.20	0.39	0.79	0.002
% UDCA	17.7	0.49	21.3	0.88	1.21	0.138
% CDCA	27.1	0.65	36.3	0.94	1.34	0.000
% DCA	31.1	0.68	14.6	0.53	0.47	0.000
% HDCA	0.07	0.01	0.04	0.00	0.54	0.052
% MDCA	0.64	0.04	0.36	0.05	0.56	0.135
% CA	5.25	0.27	6.27	0.25	1.19	0.064
% MCA	4.03	0.16	6.39	0.34	1.58	0.003
% HCA	0.30	0.02	0.45	0.04	1.52	0.018
Total Unamidated	1.00	0.05	3.33	0.33	3.34	0.000
Total G-amidated	7.59	0.29	44.6	4.46	5.88	0.000
Total T-amidated	0.71	0.03	6.61	0.85	9.37	0.001
% Amidation	87.7	0.47	86.9	0.65	0.99	0.053
% G-amidation	79.7	0.49	76.0	0.71	0.95	0.000
% T-amidation	7.98	0.26	10.8	0.46	1.35	0.005
Total Unsulfated	0.94	0.05	5.91	0.57	6.26	0.000
Total Sulfated	8.35	0.31	48.7	4.77	5.83	0.000
% Sulfation	88.5	0.46	82.9	0.60	0.94	0.000
Total Mono-OH	1.01	0.05	2.92	0.24	2.88	0.000
Total Di-OH	7.30	0.29	44.6	4.58	6.11	0.000
Total Tri-OH	0.82	0.04	6.19	0.65	7.52	0.000
% Mono-OH	11.5	0.38	9.16	0.39	0.79	0.002
% Di-OH	76.6	0.50	72.7	0.65	0.95	0.001
% Tri-OH	9.58	0.33	13.1	0.43	1.37	0.000
Total 12α-OH	3.62	0.17	8.35	0.83	2.30	0.001
Total non-12α-OH	5.67	0.20	46.2	4.68	8.15	0.000
12α-OH/non12α-OH	0.65	0.02	0.33	0.01	0.51	0.000
CA/CDCA	0.24	0.01	0.24	0.02	1.00	0.625
% 12α-OH	36.7	0.62	22.1	0.54	0.60	0.000
% non-12α-OH	63.3	0.62	77.9	0.54	1.23	0.000
Total Primary	3.34	0.15	27.2	2.59	8.15	0.000
Total Secondary	5.95	0.23	27.4	3.52	4.59	0.000
Primary/ Secondary	0.69	0.03	2.52	0.22	3.63	0.000
% Primary	36.7	0.70	49.4	1.06	1.35	0.000
% Secondary	63.3	0.70	50.6	1.06	0.80	0.000

¹Other bile acids: Nor-deoxycholic acid, 12-oxo-chenodeoxycholic acid, 3-dehydrocholic acid, 6-oxo-lithocholic acid, 7-oxo-lithocholic acid, 12-oxo-lithocholic acid, isolithocholic acid, and isodeoxycholic acid.

NA: Not available; BA: Bile acids; G: Glycine; T: Taurine; CDCA: Chenodeoxycholic acid; CA: Cholic acid; LCA: Lithocholic acid; UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid; DCA: Deoxycholic acid; HDCA: Hyodeoxycholic acid; MDCA: Murideoxycholic acid; MCA: Muricholic acid; HCA: Hyocholic acid.