Immunization status and hospitalization for vaccine-preventable and non-vaccine-preventable infections in liver-transplanted children

Table 5 Pathogen causing hospitalization in children after liver transplantation

Time	The rank of the pathogen, n (%)
	Bacteria	Total	Virus, fungus, and unidentified	Total
During transplant	E. coli (n = 19, 24.7), K. pneumoniae (n = 12, 15.6), A. baumannii (n = 11, 14.3), Enterococcus/Staphylococcus (n = 4, 5.2), Salmonella (n = 3, 3.9), P. aeruginosa (n = 2, 2.6), B. cereus/Corynebacterium/S. pneumoniae/Elizabethkingia meningoseptica/Stenotrophomonas/Streptococcus mirabilis/C. difficile (n = 1, 1.3)	62	Rotavirus/adenovirus/bocavirus (n = 2, 2.6), parainfluenza/fungus/varicella-zoster virus (n = 1, 1.3)	9b
< 3 mo	E. coli/K. pneumoniae/Enterococcus/Salmonella/Aeromonas (n = 2, 6.9), Corynebacterium/C. difficile/Plesiomonas (n = 1, 3.4)	13	Parainfluenza (n = 3, 10.3), coronavirus (n = 2, 6.9), rotavirus/bocavirus/RSV/dengue/fungus/norovirus/rhinovirus/parvovirus B19 (n = 1, 3.4), unidentified (n = 6, 20.7)	19
3-6 mo	Salmonella/E. coli (n = 2, 7.1), K. pneumoniae/Enterococcus/S. pneumoniae/Staphylococcus (n = 1, 3.6)	8	RSV (n = 4, 14.3), influenza (n = 2, 7.1), rotavirus/parainfluenza/rhinovirus/measles/HHV6 (n = 1, 3.6), unidentified (n = 9, 32.1)	20
> 6-12 mo	E. coli (n = 4, 11.1), Salmonella (n = 3, 8.3), A. baumannii/Enterococcus/mycoplasma/C. difficile (n = 2, 5.6), Stenotrophomonas/Staphylococcus/Aeromonas/Pseudomonas/Plesiomonas/P. jirovecii (n = 1, 2.8)	21	Parainfluenza (n = 3, 8.3), norovirus/herpes simplex virus (n = 2, 5.6), fungus/RSV/rhinovirus/influenza/measles (n = 1, 2.8), unidentified (n = 3, 8.3)	15
> 12-24 mo	Salmonella (n = 8, 12.5), E. coli (n = 3, 7.5), Aeromonas/Pseudomonas/mycoplasma/Plesiomonas (n = 1, 2.5)	15	Parainfluenza (n = 6, 15), rotavirus (n = 2, 5), adenovirus/varicella-zoster virus/dengue/rhinovirus/influenza/measles/metapneumovirus/hepatitis E/coxakie AB (n = 1, 2.5) unidentified (n = 11, 27.5)	28
> 2-5 yr	Salmonella/mycoplasma (n = 2, 7.4), E. coli/K. pneumoniae/Staphylococcus/Vibrio cholera/B. cereus (n = 1, 3.7)	9	Varicella-zoster virus (n = 3, 11.1), rotavirus/RSV/dengue/influenza (n = 2, 7.4), fungus/norovirus/herpes simplex virus/hepatitis B (n = 1, 3.7), unidentified (n = 3, 11.1)	18
Overall	E. coli (n = 31, 13.1), Salmonella (n = 20, 8.1), K. pneumoniae (n = 16, 6.8), A. baumannii (n = 13, 5.5), Enterococcus (n = 9, 3.8), Staphylococcus (n = 8, 3.3), mycoplasma (n = 5, 2.1), C. difficile (n = 4, 1.7), Plesiomonas Shigelloides/Aeromonas (n = 3, 1.3), Corynebacterium/S. pneumononiae/Stenotrophomonas/P. aeruginosa/Aeromonas (n = 2, 0.8), Bacillus/Elizabethkingia meningoseptica/Streptococcus mirabilis/P. jirovecii/Vibrio cholera/B. cereus (n = 1, 0.4)	128	Parainfluenza (n = 14, 5.9), rotavirus/RSV (n = 8, 3.4), influenza (n = 6, 2.5), varicella-zoster virus (n = 5, 2.1), dengue/norovirus/fungus/rhinovirus (n = 4, 1.7), adenovirus/bocavirus/herpes simplex virus/measles (n = 3, 1.3), coronavirus (n=2, 0.8), HHV6/metapneumovirus/hepatitis E/coxakie AB/hepatitis B (n = 1, 0.4), unidentified (n = 32, 13.5)	109b

^bP < 0.001; virus vs bacterial causes of infections at each time point. A. baumannii: Acinetobacter baumannii; B. cereus: Bacillus cereus; C. difficile: Clostridium difficile; E. coli: Escherichia coli; HHV6: Human herpes virus 6; K. pneumoniae: Klebsiella pneumoniae; P. aeruginosa: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; P. jirovecii: Pneumocystis jirovecii; RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus; S. pneumoniae: Streptococcus pneumoniae.