Combined endovascular-surgical treatment for complex congenital intrahepatic arterioportal fistula: A case report and review of the literature

Figure 4 Cholangiogram. A: Cholangiogram from the external biliary drainage shows marked dilatation of both intra- and extrahepatic biliary tree with tortuous and convoluted appearance of ducts and the stricture (arrow) of the distal tract of the choledocus without passage of contrast medium into the bowel system; B: Cholangiogram after positioning the external-internal biliary drainage showing slight reduction of the biliary dilatation, particularly within the right system; C: Cholangiogram after 3 mo of internal biliary stent placement that shows almost complete resolution of the biliary dilatation. c: Choledocus; cd: Cystic duct; chd: Common hepatic duct; djf: Duodenojejunal flexure; ebd: External biliary drainage; eibd: External-internal biliary drainage; g: Gallbladder; ibs: Internal biliary stent; lhd: Left hepatic duct; rhd: Right hepatic duct; asterisk: Coils; Arrow: Stricture within the distal choledocus.