Paraneoplastic syndromes in cholangiocarcinoma

Table 2 Summary of literature on paraneoplastic syndromes in cholangiocarcinoma associated with other systems

Ref.	Year	Paraneoplastic syndrome	Mediator
Neurological
Schmidt et al[57]	2016	Limbic encephalopathy	ANNA-1, Anti-Ma2, Anti-PCA-2/anti-Tr, Anti-VGKC
Bruhnding et al[60]	2016	Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration	Anti-Yo antibodies
Renal
Normand et al[62]	2017	Glomerulonephritis
Hematological
Solans-Laque et al[65]	2008	Vasculitis
Blum et al[67]	2016	Trousseau syndrome
Jang et al[68]	2006	Trousseau syndrome
Samadian et al[72]	1999	Anti-phospholipid Antibody Syndrome
Ham et al[74]	2015	Paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction
Multisystem
Hatzis et al[78]	1998	Polyarteritis nodosa	p-ANCA
Raza et al[85]	2013	Adult-onset still disease
Humoral
Erdinc et al[88]	2019	Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy	PTHrP

TGF-alpha: Tissue growth factor-alpha; G-CSF: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; IL: Interleukin; EGF-alpha: Epidermal growth factor-alpha; ANNA: Antineuronal nuclear antibody; PCA: Purkinje cell antibody; VGKC: Voltage-gated potassium channel; ANCA: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; PTHrP: Parathyroid hormone-related protein.