Impact of sepsis and non-communicable diseases on prognostic models to predict the outcome of hospitalized chronic liver disease patients

Table 1 Baseline demographic details

Variables		n (%) or
		mean ± SD
Age (yr)		54.56 ± 11.74
Gender	Male	258 (64.6)
	Female	136 (34.4)
Etiology (viral)	Hepatitis C	260 (65.1)
	Hepatitis B	31 (7.7)
	Hepatitis B + Hepatitis D	12 (3)
	Hepatitis B + Hepatitis C	6 (1.5)
	Non-B, Non-C	61 (15.2)
	(Unknown etiology)
	Alcohol	20 (5)
	Autoimmune hepatitis	8 (2)
	Hemochromatosis	1 (0.25)
Duration of chronic liver disease (yr)		4.25 ± 3.71
NCDs	Diabetes	148 (37)
	Hypertension	96 (24)
	Chronic kidney disease	30 (7.5)
	Ischemic heart disease	23 (5.7)
	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	13 (3.2)
Infections on admission	Sepsis	70 (17.5)
	Lower respiratory tract infection	24 (6)
	Urinary tract infection	30 (7.5)
Non-ST Elevation myocardial infarction		7 (1.75)
Stroke		3 (0.75)
Decompensation on admission	Ascites	300 (75.1)
	Presence of esophageal/gastric varices	235 (58.8)
	Portosystemic encephalopathy	170 (42.6)
	Acute kidney injury	165 (41.3)
	Upper GI bleed	118 (29.5)
	Hepatocellular carcinoma	98 (24.5)
	Hepatorenal syndrome	86 (21.5)
	Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis	76 (19)
	Hepato-hydrothorax	12 (3)
Investigations	Hemoglobin (g/dL)	9.81 ± 2.17
	Total leukocyte count (× 109/L)	9.87 ± 6.17
	Platelets (× 109/L)	121.29 ± 108.12
	Prothrombin time (s)	17.37 ± 7.87
	International normalizing ratio	1.63 ± 0.65
	Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.65 ± 1.37
	Sodium (mmol/L)	132.3 ± 7.62
	Potassium (mmol/L)	4.17 ± 0.88
	pH	7.37 ± 0.12
	Bicarbonate (mmol/L)	20.13 ± 4.79
	Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	5.47 ± 7.57
	Alanine transaminase (IU/L)	78.7 ± 128.21
	Gama glutamyl transferase (IU/L)	119.26 ± 159.87
	Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L)	178.35 ± 133.8
	Albumin (g/dL)	2.59 ± 0.58
Child class	A	39 (9.8)
	B	142 (35.6)
	C	218 (54.6)
Prognostic scores	MELD score	18.0 ± 8.55
	MELD-Na	21.73 ± 8.31
	Charlson index	4.21 ± 1.63
	Charlson age adjusted score	5.33 ± 2.20
Outcomes	Mortality	52 (13)
	Prolong stay	72 (18)
	Readmission	28 (7)

NCDs: non-communicable diseases; GI: gastrointestinal; MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease.