Factors associated with DAA virological treatment failure and resistance-associated substitutions description in HIV/HCV coinfected patients

Table 1 Patient characteristics at treatment initiation according to virological response

	Overall (n = 559)	SVR (n = 537)	Virological treatment failure (n = 22)	P value
Male sex	431 (77)	414 (77)	17 (77)	0.985
Age (yr)	52 (49-56)	52 (49-56)	53 (51-57)	0.586
CD4 (/mm3) (n = 557)	618 (426-850)	619 (429-861)	527 (346-704)	0.040
Undetectable HIV-RNA (n = 558)	486 (87)	469 (88)	17 (77)	0.186
ARV treatment	549 (98)	527 (98)	22 (100)	1.000
PI1	127 (23)	122 (23)	5 (23)
NNRTI2	98 (18)	95 (18)	3 (14)
II3	204 (37)	197 (37)	7 (32)
Others	120 (22)	113 (21)	7 (32)
Active tobacco consumption (n = 263)	153 (58)	148 (58)	5 (71)	0.703
Active alcohol consumption (n = 266)	135 (51)	132 (51)	3 (43)	0.719
Active drug consumption (n = 257)	7 (3)	7 (3)	0 (0)	1.000
HCV genotype (n = 558)				0.475
1 without precision	26 (5)	24 (5)	2 (9)
1a	232 (42)	221 (41)	11 (50)
1b	64 (12)	64 (12)	0 (0)
2	6 (1)	6 (1)	0 (0)
3	62 (11)	60 (11)	2 (9)
4	165 (30)	158 (30)	7 (32)
5	1 (0)	1 (0)	0 (0)
6	2 (0)	2 (0)	0 (0)
Cirrhosis (n = 555)	209 (38)	200 (38)	9 (41)	0.748
Child Pugh, if cirrhosis (n = 189)				0.537
A	172 (91)	165 (91)	7 (88)
B/C	17 (9)	16 (9)	1 (12)
FIB-4 (n = 405)	2.1 (1.4-3.7)	2.1 (1.4-3.7)	3.3 (1.9-7.3)	0.313
FIB-4 > 3.25 (n = 405)	120 (30)	113 (29)	7 (50)	0.132
Elastometry (kPa) (n = 115)	9 (6-14)	9 (6-14)	10 (6-17)	0.942
Elastometry ≥ 12.5 kPa (n = 115)	32 (28)	30 (27)	2 (50)	0.309
Elastometry ≥ 20 kPa (n = 115)	17 (15)	16 (14)	1 (25)	0.478
HCV treatment history				0.570
Naïve	210 (38)	203 (38)	7 (32)
Pretreated	349 (62)	334 (62)	15 (68)
HCV viral load (log10 IU/mL) (n = 558)	6.09 (5.59-6.51)	6.09 (5.59-6.51)	6.04 (5.72-6.49)	0.886
Prothrombin rate (n = 298)	99 (89-100)	99 (89-100)	92 (82-100)	0.116
Prothrombin rate < 85% (n = 298)	54 (18)	50 (17)	4 (40)	0.087
Platelets (Giga/L) (n = 408)	171 (131-219)	171 (133-219)	148 (97-184)	0.168
Platelets < 100 Giga/L (n = 408)	57 (14)	51 (13)	6 (43)	0.007
Albumin (g/L) (n = 301)	41 (38-44)	41 (38-44)	42 (37-45)	0.939
Albumin < 35 g/L (n = 301)	26 (9)	24 (8)	2 (25)	0.146
DAA-combination				NA5
SOF + DCV ± RBV4	240 (43)	231 (43)	9 (41)
SOF/LDV ± RBV	271 (49)	261 (49)	10 (46)
SOF + SMV ± RBV	26 (4)	23 (4)	3 (14)
Others4	22 (4)	22 (4)	0 (0)
Mean (SD) DAA treatment durationa	16 (6)	15 (5)	16 (6)

Results are presented as number (as percentages in brackets) or median (IQR in brackets) unless stated otherwise.

¹PI was boosted in 98 patients with SVR and in five patients with treatment failure;

²NNRTI molecule was rilpivirine in 60 patients with SVR and three with failure, and was efavirenz in 25 patients with SVR;

³II molecule was raltegravir in 153 patients with SVR and four patients with failure, and was dolutegravir in 38 patients with SVR and two with treatment failure;

⁴Initial doses of DCV were 30, 60, 90 mg/d in respectively 57, 159 and 21 patients. The dose was unknown for the five other patients;

⁵NA: not applicable, no formal statistical comparison was performed as the prescription of the DAA regimen was chosen by each patient’s physician. SVR: Sustained virological response; ARV: Antiretroviral; PI: Protease inhibitor; NNRTI: Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; II: Integrase inhibitor; DAA: All-oral direct-acting antiviral; SOF: Sofosbuvir; RBV: Ribavirin; DCV: Daclatasvir; LDV: Ledipasvir; SMV: Simeprevir.