Delineating the glioblastoma stemness by genes involved in cytoskeletal rearrangements and metabolic alterations

Table 1 Clinical trials that utilize the products of described genes as drug components or targets

Gene	Compound	Condition	Trial number and phase	Intervention details
BMP4	hrBMP4	Glioblastoma	NCT02869243 (phase I)	Delivery of human recombinant BMP4
GRIN2B	EVT 101	Healthy volunteers (brain function assessment)	NCT00526968 (phase I)	Delivery of selective GRIN2B antagonist
RRM2	COH29	Solid tumors	NCT02112565 (phase I)	Delivery of ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor
WT1	DSP-7888	Gliomas (incl. GBM)	NCT02750891 (phase I/II)	Delivery of WT1 peptide-based cancer vaccine
KIF20A	KIF20A peptide	Small cell lung cancer	NCT01069653 (phase I)	Delivery of KIF20A peptide-based vaccination
NF2	IAG933	Solid tumors	NCT04857372 (phase I)	Not yet disclosed (the drug presumably counteracts the YAP/TAZ hyperactivity that occur following NF2 loss)
RXRG	9-cis retinoic acid	Breast cancer	NCT00001504 (phase I)	Delivery of RXRG ligand

NF2: Neurofibromatosis type 2 protein; BMP4: Bone morphogenetic protein 4; RXRG: Retinoid X receptor gamma; MMP13: Metalloproteinase 13; RRM2: Reductase subunit M2; SPOCK1: SPARC/Osteonectin; CWCV: Kazal-like domains 1; ECM: Extracellular matrix; WT1: Wilms’ tumor protein 1; KIF20A: Kinesin family member 20A; GRIN2B: Glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B.