Generation of diverse neural cell types through direct conversion

Table 1 Summary of studies demonstrating generation of functional induced neuronal cells by direct conversion

Species	Original cell	Transgenes	Method	End cell	Ref.
Mouse	Fibroblast	BAM	iLV	iN	[16]
Human	Fibroblast	BAM, NeuroD1	iLV	iN	[71]
Human	Fibroblast	miR-9/9*-124, Ascl1, Myt1l, NeuroD2	LV	iN	[83]
Human	Fibroblast	BAM	iLV	iN	[153]
Human	Fibroblast	miR-124, Brn2, Myt1l	iLV	iN	[84]
Mouse	Hepatocyte	BAM	iLV	iN	[73]
Human	Fibroblast	Ascl1, Ngn2	iLV	iN	[74]
Human	Pericyte	Ascl1, Sox2	RV	iN	[76]
Mouse	Fibroblast	Brn2, Ascl1, Ngn2	AV	iN	[144]
Human	Cord blood cell	Sox2	RV	iN	[75]
Human	Cord blood cell	Sox2, c-Myc	RV	iN	[75]
Human	Glioma cell	Brn2, Ascl1, Ngn2	LV	iN	[77]
Mouse	Fibroblast	BAM	NV	iN	[147]
Mouse	Adipocyte progenitor cell	BAM	iLV	iN	[78]
Mouse	Fibroblast	shR-PTB	LV	iN	[85]
Human	Fibroblast	Ascl1, Myt1l, Sox2	LV	iN	[154]
Common marmoset	Fibroblast	BAM, NeuroD1	iLV	iN	[72]
Human	Fibroblast	BAM	iLV	iN	[81]
Mouse	Fibroblast	Ascl1	iLV	iN	[155]
Human	Fibroblast	Ascl1	iLV	iN	[155]
Mouse	Astroglia	Ink4a/Arf-/-, Dlx2	iLV	iN	[79]
Mouse	Fibroblast	Ink4a/Arf-/-, BAM	iLV	iN	[79]
Mouse	Fibroblast	Brn2, Ascl1, Ngn2, Rarg, Nr5a2	AV	iN	[80]
Human	Fibroblast	Brn2, Ascl1, Ngn2, Rarg, Nr5a2	AV	iN	[80]
Human	Fibroblast	shR-p16-19	LV	iN	[82]
Human	Fibroblast	hTERT	LV	iN	[82]

BAM: Brn2, Ascl1, and Myt1l; miR: MicroRNA; shR: Small hairpin RNA; PTB: Polypyrimidine-tract-binding protein; iLV: Inducible lentiviral vector; LV: Lentiviral vector; RV: Retroviral vector; AV: Adenoviral vector; NV: Non-viral; iN: Induced neuron.