Mesenchymal stem cells in maxillary sinus augmentation: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Table 1 Histomorphometric results of the animal studies included in the review

Ref.	Animal model	Study design	Histomorphometry (% of newly formed bone)
Kang et al[42]	Minipig	SDSCs + AL	NR
		AL alone	NR
Sununliganon et al[59]	Rabbit	BMSCs + BBM	59.2 ± 2.1 (4 wk)
			55.9 ± 3.6 (8 wk)
		BBM alone	54.3 ± 2.8 (4 wk)
			51.5 ± 2.6 (8 wk)
		AB	NR
		Saline solution	NR
Yu et al[60]	Dog	BMSCs + BBM	NR
		PDLSCs + BBM	NR
		BBM alone	NR
Oshima et al[61]	Sheep	BMSCs + GBP-L + BBM	17.0 ± NR (8 wk)
			23.0 ± NR (16 wk)
		BMSCs + BBM	18.0 ± NR (8 wk)
			23.0 ± NR (16 wk)
Jhin et al[62]	Rabbit	BMP-2/BMSCs + BBM	12.6 ± 2.8 (2 wk)
			29.3 ± 4.6 (4 wk)
			25.7 ± 3.8 (8 wk)
		BMSCs + BBM	6.2 ± 2.6 (2 wk)
			25.7 ± 2.8 (4 wk)
			27.7 ± 8.2 (8 wk)
		BBM alone	4.2 ± 2.0 (2 wk)
			15.1 ± 2.9 (4 wk)
			22.7 ± 3.3 (8 wk)
Gutwald et al[63]	Sheep	MNCs + BBM	19.0 ± 11 (8 wk)
			29.0 ± 12 (16 wk)
		AB	20.0 ± 13 (8 wk)
			16.0 ± 6 (16 wk)
Sauerbier et al[64]	Sheep	MSCs + BBM	NR
		BBM alone	NR
Zhao et al[65]	Goat	DTSCs + CPC	41.8 ± 6.2 (12 wk)
		CPC alone	30.1 ± 8.0 (12 wk)
		AB	23.0 ± 10.2 (12 wk)
Zhang et al[66]	Dog	BMSCs + CPC	NR
		ADSCs + CPC	NR
		CPC alone	NR
Barboni et al[41]	Sheep	AESCs + CPC	NR
		CPC alone	NR
Berardinelli et al[40]	Sheep	AFSCs + MgHA/collagen	NR
		MgHA/collagen alone	NR
Zeng et al[67]	Rabbit	BMSCs + CPC	11.7 ± 1.8 (2 wk)
			25.4 ± 3.4 (8 wk)
		CPC alone	5.9 ± 1.4 (2 wk)
			20.5 ± 3.6 (8 wk)
		BMSCs + MPC	5.1 ± 1.7 (2 wk)
			13.5 ± 3.5 (8 wk)
		MPC alone	4.0 ± 1.2 (2 wk)
			6.5 ± 2.0 (8 wk)
		BMSCs + CMPC	12.7 ± 1.9 (2 wk)
			30.9 ± 3.1 (8 wk)
		CMPC alone	6.8 ± 1.3 (2 wk)
			25.5 ± 4.1 (8 wk)
Zou et al[68]	Goat	BMSCs + CPC	35.6 ± 9.4 (12 wk)
		CPC alone	22.4 ± 4.2 (12 wk)
		AB	28.2 ± 8.0 (12 wk)
Xia et al[69]	Rabbit	BMSCs + rhBMP-2/CPC	17.9 ± 4.3 (2 wk)
			30.5 ± 5.7 (4 wk)
			42.2 ± 4.0 (8 wk)
		BMSCs + CPC	13.9 ± 2.5 (2 wk)
			21.8 ± 4.4 (4 wk)
			28.7 ± 3.7 (8 wk)
		rhBMP-2/CPC	12.8 ± 3.0 (2 wk)
			18.9 ± 2.6 (4 wk)
			31.1 ± 4.5 (8 wk)
		CPC alone	8.0 ± 2.0 (2 wk)
			12.2 ± 3.1 (4 wk)
			22.7 ± 5.7 (8 wk)
Sun et al[70]	Rabbit	BMSCs + CPC	21.0 ± 2.6 (2 wk)
			23.4 ± 3.0 (4 wk)
			35.3 ± 10.5 (8 wk)
		CPC alone	19.2 ± 2.2 (2 wk)
			22.9 ± 2.1 (4 wk)
			19.5 ± 2.4 (8 wk)
		AB	34.7 ± 7.1 (2 wk)
			28.7 ± 5.8 (4 wk)
			NR (8 wk)
		Blood clot	NR (2 wk)
			17.5 ± 3.3 (4 wk)
			13.8 ± 4.0 (8 wk)
Sun et al[71]	Rabbit	BMP-2/BMSCs + CPC	21.2 ± 2.1 (2 wk)
			31.9 ± 2.2 (4 wk)
		EGFP/BMSCs + CPC	18.9 ± 1.9 (2 wk)
			23.19 ± 1.9 (4 wk)
Pieri et al[72]	Minipig	BMSCs + PRP + HA	42.5 ± 7.0 (12 wk)
		HA alone	18.9 ± 0.9 (12 wk)
Ohya et al[73]	Rabbit	BMSCs + PRP	29.1 ± 4.4 (2 wk)
			24.1 ± 3.6 (4 wk)
			20.9 ± 4.1 (8 wk)
		PCBM + PRP	35.0 ± 5.2 (2 wk)
			28.6 ± 3.4 (4 wk)
			20.6 ± 4.0 (8 wk)

SDSCs: Skin-derived stem cells; AL: Allograft; NR: Not reported; BMSCs: Bone marrow stem cells; BBM: Bovine bone mineral; AB: Autogenous bone; PDLSCs: Periodontal ligament stem cells; GBP-L: Gabapentin-lactam; MNCs: Mononuclear cells; DTSCs: Deciduos tooth stem cells; CPC: Calcium phosphate ceramics; AESCs: Amniotic epithelial stem cells; AFSCs: Amniotic fluid stem cells; Mg/HA: Magnesium/hydroxyapatite; MPC: Magnesium phosphate cement; CMPC: Calcium-magnesium phosphate cement; Rh-BMP-2: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2; PRP: Platelet rich in plasma; HA: Hydroxyapatite; PCBM: Particulate cancellous bone and marrow; ADSC: Adipose stem cell.