Mesenchymal stem cells and collagen patches for anterior cruciate ligament repair

Figure 2 Overview of current regenerative approaches to improve anterior cruciate ligament rupture treatment in combination of the dynamic intraligamentary stabilization approach. A: First mesenchymal stem cells and/or primary ACL-tenocytes are pre-seeded on collagen patches (shown in blue); B: Ruptured ACL; C: DIS approach takes over major mechanical load and stabilizes the knee, whereas collagen patch wrapped around the ACL provides an ideal solution to improve clinical outcome. ACL: Anterior cruciate ligament; DIS: Dynamic intraligamentary stabilization.