Cardiac disease modeling using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human cardiomyocytes

Table 1 From pluripotent stem cells to cardiomyocyte: Details of main cardiac differentiation protocols

PSC type		Differentiation			Pre-treatment		Cardiac differentiation treatment					% Beating cells	% cTNT + cells	Ref.
h-iPSC	h-ESC	2D	3D	Others	ROCK-I	GSK-I	BMP4	Activin A	Wnt-I	FGF2	Others
	X			END2							AA	< 40%	n.a.	[83]
X	X		X								Specific serum	5%-10% hiPSC	n.a.	[20]
												10%-25% hESC
X	X		X				X			X		n.a.	> 80% hiPSC	[84]
													60%-80% hESC
	X		X				X	X			AA	n.a.	50%-70%	[85]
X	X		X								p38- MAPK-I	> 23% hiPSC	n.a.	[86]
												50% hESC
X		X		Sandwich	X		X	X		X		n.a.	98%	[87]
X	X	X			X	X	X	X	X		AA	n.a.	80%	[88]
X			X		X						END-2-CM	n.a.	< 10%	[89]
X		X			X		X	X		X	MEF-CM	n.a.	< 60%
X			X				X	X			Tricho- statin A	< 50%	< 10%	[90]
X	X		X		X		X	X	X	X	VEGF	< 50% hiPSC	n.a.	[91]
												< 40% hESC	95% hESC
X		X				X			X		Albumin, AA	n.a.	90%	[8]
	X	X					X	X	X	X	VEGF	< 40%	< 20%	[92]
X	X		X				X	X	X		Blebbistatin	100%	90%	[93]

iPSC: Induced pluripotent stem cell; ESC: Embryonic stem cell; n.a.: Not available.