Endothelial progenitor cells in cardiovascular diseases

Table 2 Effect of coronary artery disease on endothelial progenitor cells

Ref.	Subjects	EPCs (number/function)	Findings
Vasa et al[18]	9 healthy controls	CD34+/KDR+ (flow cytometry)	Both CD34+/KDR+ and migratory activity were impaired in patients with CAD compared to controls
	45 CAD	Migratory activity
Eizawa et al[19]	36 healthy controls	CD34+ (flow cytometry)	CD34+ is significantly decreased in patients with stable CAD
	34 stable CAD
Wang et al[20]	44 controls	CD34+/KDR+ (flow cytometry)	CD34+/KDR+ is the lowest in severe CAD followed by mild CAD Migratory activity is also impaired in CAD patients
	35 mild CAD	Migratory activity
	25 severe CAD
Liguori et al[21]	15 healthy controls	CFU	CFU, CD34+ and migratory capacity were significantly impaired in patients with CHD CHD is the main predictor which impairs CFU capacity
	40 CHD	CD34+ (flow cytometry)
		Migratory activity
Briguori et al[22]	136 CAD	CFU	Low levels of CFU and CD34+/KDR+ predict CAD progression
		CD34+/KDR+ (flow cytometry)
Güven et al[23]	24 controls	CD34+ (flow cytometry)	CD34+ EPC is significantly elevated in CAD patients compared to controls
	24 CAD		EPCs is also positively correlated with maximum stenosis
Werner et al[24]	90 CHD	CFU	CD34+/KDR+ and CFU positively correlate with endothelium-dependent vasodilation (acetylcholine infusion)
		CD34+/KDR+ (flow cytometry)

CAD: Coronary artery disease; CFU: Colony forming unit; CHD: Coronary heart disease; EPC: Endothelial progenitor cells.