Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated cancer therapy: A dual-targeted strategy of personalized medicine

Figure 1 Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand- and/or phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced apoptosis in Panc-1 cells. Panc-1 cells were pre-detected for death receptors and showed negative expression of death receptor 4 and 5. The cells were plated on day 0 and transfected with TRAIL- and/or phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-bearing vectors on day 1. Apoptosis was assessed on day 3 with a live/dead assay. The top two rows represent the cells transfected with TRAIL or PTEN individually, and the bottom row shows the cells with co-transfection of two vectors. Column 1: Whole population of cells which were still attached to the surface during the assessment; Column 2: Live cells stained with calcein show green; Column 3: Dead cells stained with EthD-1 show red; column 4: Merged images. Original magnification, × 400. TRAIL: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog.