RNA-centered mechanisms sustaining self-renewal in hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells: Effector dosage, protein output and regulatory deployment

Figure 4 Integrated model of RNA-centered convergence on functional hepatocellular carcinoma cancer stem cell self-renewal. Integrated model linking the three analytical operations to recurrent self-renewal nodes. The strongest cross-mechanism convergence occurs at NOTCH, Wnt-β-catenin, Hedgehog/GLI1, Hippo-YAP and TGF-β/IL-6-STAT3. BMP/BMPR1A, SOX9 and metabolic circuits are shown as context-specific or less recurrent axes. The model summarizes pathway-level recurrence rather than a universal upstream RNA program.